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royal sail
A royal is a small sail flown immediately above the topgallant on square rigged sailing ships. It was originally called the "topgallant royal" and was used in light and favorable winds.〔Dean King, ''A Sea of Words: A Lexicon and Companion to the Complete Seafaring Tales of Patrick O'Brian'', 3rd ed. (New York: Henry Holt, 2000)〕
Royal sails were normally found only on larger ships with masts tall enough to accommodate the extra canvas. Royals were introduced around the turn of the 18th century, but were not usually flown on the mizzenmast until the end of that century.〔See http://www.greatgridlock.net/Sqrigg/fullrig.html 〕 It gave its name to a Dutch term for a light breeze—the Royal Sail Breeze or ''bovenbramzeilskoelte'' was a Force 2 wind on the Beaufort Scale.〔García-Herrera, R., D. Wheeler, G.P. Können, F.B. Koek and M.R. Prieto (2003). ''(CLIWOC multilingual meteorological dictionary, An English-Spanish-Dutch-French Dictionary of wind force terms used by mariners from 1750–1850 )''. KNMI, De Bilt (Netherlands), p. 22. ISBN 90-369-2243-7.〕
==See also==
*Sail plan
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